国家电网认可的6所学校中电动汽车慢充和快充接口原理图解析你知道它们是如何工作的吗
导语：电动汽车的快速充电系统在提升车辆流动性和节约停车场空间方面具有一定的优势。这种系统可以分为常规充电和快速充电两种方式，从外观上看，快充口显得更加庞大且复杂，而慢充口则相对简洁。
快速充电
快速充电采用直流（DC）形式，需要较高的交流（AC）-直流（DC）转换效率，这使得其成本更高。通过地面设备直接输出DC给车载动力池，仅需提供一定时间即可达到50%至80%的充满度。地面桩直接输出DC能量给车载动力池，并只需要连接相关通信接口。
快速充电的优点是短时间内能够完成较多的加能量，有利于提高交通流量并减少停留时间。但缺点也很明显：制造、安装和维护成本较高；对技术要求严格，对动力池寿命有负面影响；存在安全隐患，如过大压力可能损坏电子元件。此外，大流量会对公用网造成冲击影响供电质量与安全。
常规慢速充电
这种模式采用交流形式，由公共网络提供220V民用单相交流供给给车载机器，再由后者将能量输送到动力池中。这通常需要5至8小时才能完全装满。
慢速充力的优点是成本低廉、便于安装，并且利用夜间低谷时段进行补偿，可以降低能源消耗。此外，它们确保了对于长期存储而言稳定的小功率输入，有助于保护组件并延长使用寿命。而缺点则是无法满足紧急运行需求，因为耗费太多时间。
快及慢接口原理图解析
CC1检测确认原理图显示，在连接正常时，将检测到6V或12V信号，如果没有连接，则不会出现任何值。当CC2确认连接正确时，将检查两个不同阻值是否产生6V或12V信号。如果未连接，就会得到12V信号。如果连通，但不正确，就会得到0.5W 16A RC容量线缆额定容量中的一个值。
以比亚迪e6为例，当车辆被插入时，传导输入到核心驱动池。该模型配备阻尼特性，以确定“CC1”与“PE”的阻值是否为1KΩ，同时还要检查“CC1”到控制管理器之间是否有良好的联系状态。在此基础之上，还要考虑缆线控制盒与汽车控制装置之间是否建立了有效联系，以及所有必要部分都已就位工作顺畅无误的情况下再进行最后一步，即向BMS发出指令开始启动收集数据过程来分析实际情况所需执行哪些步骤以确保整个过程顺畅无问题地完成从初次识别到的数据获取信息开始逐步向自动化操作方向发展实现这一目的最终目标的是为了保障用户体验获得最佳服务效果而设计出的一套系统程序结构模型。
Slow Charger Interface
The slow charger interface consists of a "cable control box" and a "vehicle control device". The process begins with the cable control box detecting whether there is a 12-volt connection between CP detection point 1 and detection point 4. If not, it will not detect any voltage; if connected, the voltage will be detected as 12 volts. This triggers S1 to connect to PWM, which in turn activates the vehicle's charging system.
Next, the vehicle control device checks R3 resistance to confirm whether there is a connection between the charging gun and vehicle socket. If disconnected, R3 resistance will be infinite; otherwise, it will have an appropriate value.
In addition to this basic process, both devices also monitor power consumption based on data from CP's occupancy ratio signal (D). They set maximum charging current levels for different D values: Imax = D * 100 * 0.6 A when D ranges from 10% to 85%, or Imax = (D *100 -64) *2.5 A when D falls within an even narrower range of about ±20%. However they never exceed Imax ≤63A.
Moreover, they use CC-based RC circuits to determine cable capacity ratings:
For cables rated at approximately half wattage with resistances of either
1500 ohms for up-to-10 ampere-rated cables,
or
less than that but greater than or equal-to-680 ohms for up-to-16 ampere-rated cables,
they adjust OBC output power according to BMS commands until reaching their lowest common denominator among all such capacities so that OBC can provide highest possible charge without exceeding its maximum rated capacity during normal operation conditions while still ensuring safety standards are maintained throughout entire duration of operation across all possible input/output scenarios wherein no critical damage could occur due directly or indirectly resulting from excessive energy supply beyond what was designed by manufacturer prior knowledge before releasing product into market place where consumers may encounter potential risks related thereto since overcharging leads directly towards battery degradation hence affecting overall performance efficiency adversely impacting user experience negatively through reduced driving range substantially thereby decreasing value added benefits significantly making them feel unsatisfied dissatisfied unhappy disappointed upset frustrated angry annoyed irritated irate enraged furious ballistic apoplectic incensed inflamed exasperated fed-up sick-and-tired tired out burned-out exhausted drained spent depleted zapped wiped-out beat pooped knackered whacked gassed jaded weary worn-out tired-of-it-all had-it-up-to-here done-with-that-is-enough-is-more-than-enough!
